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PolicyPantry is a free national database of verified U.S. food allergy, asthma, anaphylaxis, epinephrine access, celiac, alpha-gal, EoE, FPIES, MCAS, and respiratory health laws across federal, state, and local jurisdictions. It also helps citizens find their legislators, send AI-drafted advocacy letters, track pending bills, and monitor allergen recalls.

Which states have stock epinephrine laws for schools?

Most U.S. states have laws permitting or requiring schools to stock undesignated epinephrine auto-injectors for emergencies. PolicyPantry's Stock Epinephrine & Asthma Inhaler Laws page lets you compare which states require, permit, or lack stock epinephrine policies, along with training and immunity provisions.

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Most states allow students with prescribed epinephrine to self-carry and self-administer at school, but requirements vary by state. PolicyPantry's School & Childcare Allergy Laws page details self-carry, self-administer, and training requirements for all 50 states.

What is Elijah's Law?

Elijah's Law refers to state legislation named for Elijah Alavi that strengthens food allergy safety in schools and childcare, including epinephrine access, allergy training for staff, and emergency response protocols. Several states have enacted versions of Elijah's Law; search PolicyPantry's law database to find your state's version.

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Home Product LookupAllergen Threshold Doses

Allergen Eliciting Dose Thresholds

Evidence-based population-level eliciting doses (ED01, ED05, ED10) for major food allergens, drawn from authoritative scientific and regulatory sources including the VITAL® Program, FAO/WHO Expert Consultations, ILSI Europe, EuroPrevall, NIH/NIAID, FDA, and FARRP.

Educational Disclaimer: This platform is for general informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It does not replace professional medical consultation, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 immediately. Verify any information against official sources before relying on it.

We strive for accuracy. Laws and links change frequently, and mistakes can happen. If you spot a law, citation, or source link that doesn't look right, pleasereport or flag itso we can correct it.

Threshold values are based on published population-level research and are intended for educational purposes only. Individual reactions vary widely. People with food allergies should always follow the guidance of their allergist and avoid allergens according to their personalized medical advice.

ED01 = eliciting dose predicted to provoke a reaction in 1% of the allergic population. ED05 = 5%. ED10 = 10%.

All doses are expressed in milligrams (mg) of total allergenic protein unless otherwise noted. Thresholds represent population estimates and should never be used to determine an individual's safe exposure level.

What you're viewing

Ingredient labels are what manufacturers print on packaged food (e.g., "Contains: Milk"). They list declared allergens — not the actual amount of allergenic protein present.
Clinical eliciting dose is the amount of allergenic protein predicted to trigger a reaction in a given percentage of an allergic population (ED01, ED05, ED10). These come from controlled clinical food-challenge studies, not from product labels.
Scientific threshold research synthesizes those clinical studies into population-level reference doses (e.g., VITAL®, FAO/WHO). Thresholds are statistical estimates for populations — never a personal "safe" exposure level.

Manufacturers generally do not publish eliciting-dose thresholds for their products. The values here come from peer-reviewed research and authoritative bodies, not from food companies.

FDA Regulatory Context

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the labeling of major food allergens under the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA, 2004) and the Food Allergy Safety, Treatment, Education, and Research Act (FASTER Act, 2021). FDA labeling rules are regulatory thresholds — they are distinct from the clinical ED01/ED05/ED10 eliciting-dose values shown in this table, which come from scientific dose-distribution research (VITAL®, FAO/WHO). The FDA does not currently publish population-level eliciting doses for individual allergens.

Nine major food allergens recognized by the FDA

MilkEggsFishCrustacean ShellfishTree NutsPeanutsWheatSoybeansSesame

Sesame became the 9th major food allergen on January 1, 2023 under the FASTER Act.

FDA "gluten-free" labeling threshold

For a food to bear a "gluten-free" claim, the FDA requires that unavoidable gluten be present at less than 20 parts per million (ppm). This rule is codified at 21 CFR 101.91 and is a regulatory concentration limit — not a clinical eliciting dose. It applies to celiac disease management, not IgE wheat-allergy thresholds.

Official FDA resources

Filter by Allergen

11 records

Allergen	ED01 (mg)	ED05 (mg)	ED10 (mg)	Additional Doses	Population Studied	Year	Source	Notes
Peanut	—	2.00	—	—	Pooled peanut-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation	2022	FAO/WHO FAO/WHO. 2022. Risk Assessment of Food Allergens — Part 2: Review and establish threshold levels in foods for the priority allergens. Meeting report of the ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Food Allergens. Food Safety and Quality Series. Rome. (OpenKnowledge handle cc2946en) ✓ CitedView source	FAO/WHO Reference Dose (RfD) based on the ED05 (eliciting dose predicted to provoke a reaction in 5% of the allergic population). ED01/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution data. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.
Hazelnut	—	3.00	—	—	Pooled hazelnut-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation	2022	FAO/WHO FAO/WHO. 2022. Risk Assessment of Food Allergens — Part 2: Review and establish threshold levels in foods for the priority allergens. Meeting report of the ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Food Allergens. Food Safety and Quality Series. Rome. (OpenKnowledge handle cc2946en) ✓ CitedView source	FAO/WHO Reference Dose (RfD) based on the ED05. ED01/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution data. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.
Soy	—	10.00	—	—	Pooled soy-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation	2022	FAO/WHO FAO/WHO. 2022. Risk Assessment of Food Allergens — Part 2: Review and establish threshold levels in foods for the priority allergens. Meeting report of the ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Food Allergens. Food Safety and Quality Series. Rome. (OpenKnowledge handle cc2946en) ✓ CitedView source	FAO/WHO Reference Dose (RfD) based on the ED05. ED01/ED10 and VITAL 3.0 ED01 pending verification from the underlying dose-distribution publications. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.
Hen's Egg	—	2.00	—	—	Pooled hen's-egg-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation	2022	FAO/WHO FAO/WHO. 2022. Risk Assessment of Food Allergens — Part 2: Review and establish threshold levels in foods for the priority allergens. Meeting report of the ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Food Allergens. Food Safety and Quality Series. Rome. (OpenKnowledge handle cc2946en) ✓ CitedView source	FAO/WHO Reference Dose (RfD) based on the ED05. ED01/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution data. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.
Cow's Milk	—	2.00	—	—	Pooled cow's-milk-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation	2022	FAO/WHO FAO/WHO. 2022. Risk Assessment of Food Allergens — Part 2: Review and establish threshold levels in foods for the priority allergens. Meeting report of the ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Food Allergens. Food Safety and Quality Series. Rome. (OpenKnowledge handle cc2946en) ✓ CitedView source	FAO/WHO Reference Dose (RfD) based on the ED05. ED01/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution data. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.
Wheat	—	5.00	—	—	Pooled wheat-allergic patients (IgE-mediated) from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation	2022	FAO/WHO FAO/WHO. 2022. Risk Assessment of Food Allergens — Part 2: Review and establish threshold levels in foods for the priority allergens. Meeting report of the ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Food Allergens. Food Safety and Quality Series. Rome. (OpenKnowledge handle cc2946en) ✓ CitedView source	FAO/WHO Reference Dose (RfD) based on the ED05; later follow-up discussion proposed a separate gluten-based value (~4 mg). ED01/ED10 and VITAL 3.0 ED01 pending verification from the underlying dose-distribution publications. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.
Sesame	—	2.00	—	—	Pooled sesame-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation	2022	FAO/WHO FAO/WHO. 2022. Risk Assessment of Food Allergens — Part 2: Review and establish threshold levels in foods for the priority allergens. Meeting report of the ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Food Allergens. Food Safety and Quality Series. Rome. (OpenKnowledge handle cc2946en) ✓ CitedView source	FAO/WHO Reference Dose (RfD) based on the ED05. ED01/ED10 and VITAL 3.0 ED01 pending verification from the underlying dose-distribution publications. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.
Hen's Egg	0.200	—	—	—	Pooled hen's-egg-allergic patients (adult & pediatric) from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling	2019	VITAL® (Allergen Bureau) Allergen Bureau. VITAL® 3.0 Reference Doses and Action Level Grid (2019); Remington et al., Allergy (2020). ✓ CitedView source	VITAL 3.0 Reference Dose based on the ED01. ED05/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution publication. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.
Peanut	0.200	—	—	—	Pooled peanut-allergic patients (adult & pediatric) from double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) dose-distribution modelling	2019	VITAL® (Allergen Bureau) Allergen Bureau. VITAL® 3.0 Reference Doses and Action Level Grid (2019); Remington et al., 'Updating the VITAL allergen risk analysis: the 2019 VITAL reference doses', Allergy (2020). ✓ CitedView source	VITAL 3.0 Reference Dose based on the ED01 (eliciting dose predicted to provoke a reaction in 1% of the allergic population). ED05/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution publication. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.
Cow's Milk	0.200	—	—	—	Pooled cow's-milk-allergic patients (adult & pediatric) from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling	2019	VITAL® (Allergen Bureau) Allergen Bureau. VITAL® 3.0 Reference Doses and Action Level Grid (2019); Remington et al., Allergy (2020). ✓ CitedView source	VITAL 3.0 Reference Dose based on the ED01. ED05/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution publication. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.
Hazelnut	0.100	—	—	—	Pooled hazelnut-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling	2019	VITAL® (Allergen Bureau) Allergen Bureau. VITAL® 3.0 Reference Doses and Action Level Grid (2019); Remington et al., Allergy (2020). ✓ CitedView source	VITAL 3.0 Reference Dose based on the ED01. ED05/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution publication. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.

Peanut

2022

ED01 (mg)

—

ED05 (mg)

2.00

ED10 (mg)

—

Population: Pooled peanut-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation

Source: FAO/WHO

FAO/WHO. 2022. Risk Assessment of Food Allergens — Part 2: Review and establish threshold levels in foods for the priority allergens. Meeting report of the ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Food Allergens. Food Safety and Quality Series. Rome. (OpenKnowledge handle cc2946en)

✓ CitedView source

FAO/WHO Reference Dose (RfD) based on the ED05 (eliciting dose predicted to provoke a reaction in 5% of the allergic population). ED01/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution data. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.

Hazelnut

2022

ED01 (mg)

—

ED05 (mg)

3.00

ED10 (mg)

—

Population: Pooled hazelnut-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation

Source: FAO/WHO

✓ CitedView source

FAO/WHO Reference Dose (RfD) based on the ED05. ED01/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution data. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.

Soy

2022

ED01 (mg)

—

ED05 (mg)

10.00

ED10 (mg)

—

Population: Pooled soy-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation

Source: FAO/WHO

✓ CitedView source

FAO/WHO Reference Dose (RfD) based on the ED05. ED01/ED10 and VITAL 3.0 ED01 pending verification from the underlying dose-distribution publications. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.

Hen's Egg

2022

ED01 (mg)

—

ED05 (mg)

2.00

ED10 (mg)

—

Population: Pooled hen's-egg-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation

Source: FAO/WHO

✓ CitedView source

FAO/WHO Reference Dose (RfD) based on the ED05. ED01/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution data. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.

Cow's Milk

2022

ED01 (mg)

—

ED05 (mg)

2.00

ED10 (mg)

—

Population: Pooled cow's-milk-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation

Source: FAO/WHO

✓ CitedView source

FAO/WHO Reference Dose (RfD) based on the ED05. ED01/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution data. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.

Wheat

2022

ED01 (mg)

—

ED05 (mg)

5.00

ED10 (mg)

—

Population: Pooled wheat-allergic patients (IgE-mediated) from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation

Source: FAO/WHO

✓ CitedView source

FAO/WHO Reference Dose (RfD) based on the ED05; later follow-up discussion proposed a separate gluten-based value (~4 mg). ED01/ED10 and VITAL 3.0 ED01 pending verification from the underlying dose-distribution publications. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.

Sesame

2022

ED01 (mg)

—

ED05 (mg)

2.00

ED10 (mg)

—

Population: Pooled sesame-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling used by the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation

Source: FAO/WHO

✓ CitedView source

Hen's Egg

2019

ED01 (mg)

0.200

ED05 (mg)

—

ED10 (mg)

—

Population: Pooled hen's-egg-allergic patients (adult & pediatric) from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling

Source: VITAL® (Allergen Bureau)

Allergen Bureau. VITAL® 3.0 Reference Doses and Action Level Grid (2019); Remington et al., Allergy (2020).

✓ CitedView source

VITAL 3.0 Reference Dose based on the ED01. ED05/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution publication. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.

Peanut

2019

ED01 (mg)

0.200

ED05 (mg)

—

ED10 (mg)

—

Population: Pooled peanut-allergic patients (adult & pediatric) from double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) dose-distribution modelling

Source: VITAL® (Allergen Bureau)

Allergen Bureau. VITAL® 3.0 Reference Doses and Action Level Grid (2019); Remington et al., 'Updating the VITAL allergen risk analysis: the 2019 VITAL reference doses', Allergy (2020).

✓ CitedView source

VITAL 3.0 Reference Dose based on the ED01 (eliciting dose predicted to provoke a reaction in 1% of the allergic population). ED05/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution publication. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.

Cow's Milk

2019

ED01 (mg)

0.200

ED05 (mg)

—

ED10 (mg)

—

Population: Pooled cow's-milk-allergic patients (adult & pediatric) from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling

Source: VITAL® (Allergen Bureau)

Allergen Bureau. VITAL® 3.0 Reference Doses and Action Level Grid (2019); Remington et al., Allergy (2020).

✓ CitedView source

VITAL 3.0 Reference Dose based on the ED01. ED05/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution publication. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.

Hazelnut

2019

ED01 (mg)

0.100

ED05 (mg)

—

ED10 (mg)

—

Population: Pooled hazelnut-allergic patients from DBPCFC dose-distribution modelling

Source: VITAL® (Allergen Bureau)

Allergen Bureau. VITAL® 3.0 Reference Doses and Action Level Grid (2019); Remington et al., Allergy (2020).

✓ CitedView source

VITAL 3.0 Reference Dose based on the ED01. ED05/ED10 pending population from the underlying dose-distribution publication. Thresholds are population estimates, not individual safe-exposure levels.

This reference table is designed to grow as new data become available. Additional eliciting doses (ED05, ED10, and others), allergens, and sources — including future FAO/WHO recommendations, FDA guidance, ILSI Europe and EuroPrevall outputs, and peer-reviewed dose-distribution studies in journals such as JACI, Allergy, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, and The Journal of Food Protection — will be added as they are verified against the original publications.

About this data

Threshold values on this page are drawn from authoritative scientific and regulatory sources, including the VITAL® Program (Allergen Bureau), FAO/WHO Expert Consultations, ILSI Europe, EuroPrevall, NIH/NIAID, FDA, and FARRP. Every record lists its source organization, full citation, and a direct link to the original publication where available.

Data source: AllergenThreshold records (peer-reviewed & regulatory)Last updated: per-record (see study year)Confidence: high — population-level published researchLearn how we verify data →

While we strive for accuracy, information may change over time. Always double-check and verify against official sources before relying on it.